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Oral Cancer

Definition

Oral Cancer includes cancers occurring on structures in and around the mouth, such as the tongue, the lips, some of the salivary glands, and the back of the throat.

Cigarettes and smokeless tobacco, sometimes combined with heavy drinking, are the primary causes of oral cancers in Americans. Other causes include poor oral hygiene, long-term irritation of oral structures or prolonged exposure to sunlight on the lips. Vitamins, particularly Vitamins A and E, may play a role in preventing oral cancer.

Getting Diagnosed / Treatment

This cancer is treated at the U-M Cancer Center in the Multidisciplinary Head and Neck Cancer Clinic. Some types of oral cancer are also treated in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.

The Head and Neck Oncology Program coordinates research efforts related to cancer of the tongue.

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What are the symptoms of oral cancer?

Early diagnosis and treatment is very important, so see your dentist regularly and get in the habit of doing a monthly oral self-exam. Sores that do not heal are very concerning, even though they may be painless. You should also check for lumps in the cheeks, tongue, or neck, and report a persistent sore throat or difficulty swallowing to a health care professional. Rather common conditions called leukoplakia (LU-ko-plake-ia) or erythroplakia (a-RITH-ro-plake-ia) are sometimes precursors to cancer. They are painless white or red patches on the lining of the lips, tongue or mouth.

How is oral cancer treated?

Once cancer has developed, the treatment usually includes surgery or radiation therapy and sometimes these treatments used in combination.

New treatments are being used at the U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center in which chemotherapy is combined with radiation therapy as a substitute for surgery in patients with more advanced tumors. Also, when surgery is required, the most advanced methods of reconstruction and rehabilitation are being employed. The outcome of treatment for small tumors that are detected early is excellent. The outlook is less favorable for more advanced tumors, underscoring the need for regular oral exams. Patients with symptoms or concerns related to oral cancer should consult their general physician or ear, nose and throat specialist.

How can I get more information about oral cancer?

You can also contact the Cancer Answerline at either 1-800-865-1125; or visit their web page.

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This site is part of the U-M Health System. The information presented is not a tool for self diagnosis or a substitute for professional care. © 2008 U-M Comprehensive Cancer Center